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实测根因 (DIAG 埋点确认): 火山 RTC SDK 启动时一次性申请大量 lwIP socket fd,
默认 CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS=10 不够 SDK 分配, 触发 SocketConnection-Lite.c:191
bind local ip failed → ICE 协商失败 → wait connect bits=0x0 超时.
实测对比:
修复前: 冷启动 RTC join 30+ 秒超时 × 3 次失败
修复后: 冷启动 RTC join 1.6 秒成功, 软退出 + 唤醒重连 2.3 秒成功 ✅
修复内容:
[A] sdkconfig: CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS=10 → 20
根治 lwIP socket fd 不足. 16 是临界值, 20 留 25% 余量应对 burst 场景
(HTTP 重试 / DNS 查询 / NTP 同步并发). 代价: +6 fd × ~200B = 1.2 KB RAM (忽略).
[B] application.h/cc + volc_rtc_protocol.h/cc: 失败 3 次后销毁 + 重建 engine
新增 VolcRtcProtocol::ForceRebuildEngine() public 方法.
OpenAudioChannel 连续失败 3 次时调用 (application.cc:566-573):
- 销毁 rtc_handle_ + reset SDK 内部状态污染
- 等待 2 秒让 lwIP 释放残留 socket fd (TIME_WAIT)
- 触发 Phase 6 重建路径 (rtc_handle_=nullptr → Start())
应对 A 修复后仍可能出现的 SDK 内部状态错乱 (e.g. ICE Agent 异常).
本次实测未触发 (A 已解决主要问题), 但保留作为兜底防御.
[C] volc_rtc_protocol.cc: DIAG_RTC_BIND_ENABLE 一键开关诊断埋点
在 join_room 前/后 + ForceRebuildEngine 前/后打印:
- lwIP socket fd 使用量 (sockets=N/MAX)
- heap free + psram free
- WiFi rssi
- 失败时的 errno + strerror
验证完成后改 0 关闭, 编译器消除 #if 块, 零运行时开销.
文件改动:
sdkconfig | LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS 10→20
main/application.h | +audio_channel_retry_count_
main/application.cc | +重试计数 + static_cast → ForceRebuildEngine 调用
main/protocols/volc_rtc_protocol.h | +ForceRebuildEngine() 声明
main/protocols/volc_rtc_protocol.cc | +DIAG 埋点 + diag_count_used_sockets() + ForceRebuildEngine()
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
XiaoZhi AI Chatbot
Introduction
👉 Build your AI chat companion with ESP32+SenseVoice+Qwen72B!【bilibili】
👉 Equipping XiaoZhi with DeepSeek's smart brain【bilibili】
👉 Build your own AI companion, a beginner's guide【bilibili】
Project Purpose
This is an open-source project released under the MIT license, allowing anyone to use it freely, including for commercial purposes.
Through this project, we aim to help more people get started with AI hardware development and understand how to implement rapidly evolving large language models in actual hardware devices. Whether you're a student interested in AI or a developer exploring new technologies, this project offers valuable learning experiences.
Everyone is welcome to participate in the project's development and improvement. If you have any ideas or suggestions, please feel free to raise an Issue or join the chat group.
Learning & Discussion QQ Group: 376893254
Implemented Features
- Wi-Fi / ML307 Cat.1 4G
- BOOT button wake-up and interruption, supporting both click and long-press triggers
- Offline voice wake-up ESP-SR
- Streaming voice dialogue (WebSocket or UDP protocol)
- Support for 5 languages: Mandarin, Cantonese, English, Japanese, Korean SenseVoice
- Voice print recognition to identify who's calling AI's name 3D Speaker
- Large model TTS (Volcano Engine or CosyVoice)
- Large Language Models (Qwen, DeepSeek, Doubao)
- Configurable prompts and voice tones (custom characters)
- Short-term memory, self-summarizing after each conversation round
- OLED / LCD display showing signal strength or conversation content
- Support for LCD image expressions
- Multi-language support (Chinese, English)
Hardware Section
Breadboard DIY Practice
See the Feishu document tutorial:
👉 XiaoZhi AI Chatbot Encyclopedia
Breadboard demonstration:
Supported Open Source Hardware
- LiChuang ESP32-S3 Development Board
- Espressif ESP32-S3-BOX3
- M5Stack CoreS3
- AtomS3R + Echo Base
- AtomMatrix + Echo Base
- Magic Button 2.4
- Waveshare ESP32-S3-Touch-AMOLED-1.8
- LILYGO T-Circle-S3
- XiaGe Mini C3
- Moji XiaoZhi AI Derivative Version
- CuiCan AI pendant
- WMnologo-Xingzhi-1.54TFT
- SenseCAP Watcher
Firmware Section
Flashing Without Development Environment
For beginners, it's recommended to first use the firmware that can be flashed without setting up a development environment.
The firmware connects to the official xiaozhi.me server by default. Currently, personal users can register an account to use the Qwen real-time model for free.
👉 Flash Firmware Guide (No IDF Environment)
Development Environment
- Cursor or VSCode
- Install ESP-IDF plugin, select SDK version 5.3 or above
- Linux is preferred over Windows for faster compilation and fewer driver issues
- Use Google C++ code style, ensure compliance when submitting code
Developer Documentation
- Board Customization Guide - Learn how to create custom board adaptations for XiaoZhi
- IoT Control Module - Understand how to control IoT devices through AI voice commands
AI Agent Configuration
If you already have a XiaoZhi AI chatbot device, you can configure it through the xiaozhi.me console.
👉 Backend Operation Tutorial (Old Interface)
Technical Principles and Private Deployment
👉 Detailed WebSocket Communication Protocol Documentation
For server deployment on personal computers, refer to another MIT-licensed project xiaozhi-esp32-server