# Riverpod State Management

## Provider Types

```dart
import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';

// Simple state
final counterProvider = StateProvider<int>((ref) => 0);

// Async state (API calls)
final usersProvider = FutureProvider<List<User>>((ref) async {
  final api = ref.read(apiProvider);
  return api.getUsers();
});

// Stream state (real-time)
final messagesProvider = StreamProvider<List<Message>>((ref) {
  return ref.read(chatServiceProvider).messagesStream;
});
```

## Notifier Pattern (Riverpod 2.0)

```dart
@riverpod
class TodoList extends _$TodoList {
  @override
  List<Todo> build() => [];

  void add(Todo todo) {
    state = [...state, todo];
  }

  void toggle(String id) {
    state = [
      for (final todo in state)
        if (todo.id == id) todo.copyWith(completed: !todo.completed) else todo,
    ];
  }

  void remove(String id) {
    state = state.where((t) => t.id != id).toList();
  }
}

// Async Notifier
@riverpod
class UserProfile extends _$UserProfile {
  @override
  Future<User> build() async {
    return ref.read(apiProvider).getCurrentUser();
  }

  Future<void> updateName(String name) async {
    state = const AsyncValue.loading();
    state = await AsyncValue.guard(() async {
      final updated = await ref.read(apiProvider).updateUser(name: name);
      return updated;
    });
  }
}
```

## Usage in Widgets

```dart
// ConsumerWidget (recommended)
class TodoScreen extends ConsumerWidget {
  const TodoScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
    final todos = ref.watch(todoListProvider);

    return ListView.builder(
      itemCount: todos.length,
      itemBuilder: (context, index) {
        final todo = todos[index];
        return ListTile(
          title: Text(todo.title),
          leading: Checkbox(
            value: todo.completed,
            onChanged: (_) => ref.read(todoListProvider.notifier).toggle(todo.id),
          ),
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

// Selective rebuilds with select
class UserAvatar extends ConsumerWidget {
  const UserAvatar({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
    final avatarUrl = ref.watch(userProvider.select((u) => u?.avatarUrl));

    return CircleAvatar(
      backgroundImage: avatarUrl != null ? NetworkImage(avatarUrl) : null,
    );
  }
}

// Async state handling
class UserProfileScreen extends ConsumerWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
    final userAsync = ref.watch(userProfileProvider);

    return userAsync.when(
      data: (user) => Text(user.name),
      loading: () => const CircularProgressIndicator(),
      error: (err, stack) => Text('Error: $err'),
    );
  }
}
```

## Quick Reference

| Provider | Use Case |
|----------|----------|
| `Provider` | Computed/derived values |
| `StateProvider` | Simple mutable state |
| `FutureProvider` | Async operations (one-time) |
| `StreamProvider` | Real-time data streams |
| `NotifierProvider` | Complex state with methods |
| `AsyncNotifierProvider` | Async state with methods |