diff --git a/backend/apps/generation/views.py b/backend/apps/generation/views.py
index 36ec146..ed9db0d 100644
--- a/backend/apps/generation/views.py
+++ b/backend/apps/generation/views.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+import re
 
 from rest_framework import status
 from rest_framework.decorators import api_view, permission_classes, parser_classes
@@ -90,6 +91,17 @@ def _format_prompt_for_ark(prompt, label_placeholders):
     return result
 
 
+_ORPHAN_MATERIAL_MENTION_RE = re.compile(r'@(?:图片|视频|音频|素材)[^\s，。！？、；：,.!?;:)）]*')
+
+
+def _find_orphan_material_mention(prompt, references):
+    """Return a material @mention in prompt when no reference payload arrived."""
+    if not prompt or references:
+        return None
+    match = _ORPHAN_MATERIAL_MENTION_RE.search(prompt)
+    return match.group(0) if match else None
+
+
 def _get_token_price(config, model, has_video_ref, resolution):
     """根据模型、是否含视频、分辨率选择单价。
 
@@ -226,9 +238,22 @@ def video_generate_view(request):
     aspect_ratio = serializer.validated_data['aspect_ratio']
     # serializer 已设 default='720p' + choices 约束，validated_data 必有合法值
     resolution = serializer.validated_data['resolution']
+    references = serializer.validated_data.get('references', [])
     search_mode = request.data.get('search_mode', 'off')
     seed = _safe_int(request.data.get('seed', -1), -1)
 
+    orphan_mention = _find_orphan_material_mention(prompt, references)
+    if orphan_mention:
+        logger.warning(
+            'Blocked generate with material @mention but empty references (user=%s prompt=%s)',
+            user.id,
+            prompt[:120],
+        )
+        return Response({
+            'error': 'missing_references',
+            'message': f'{orphan_mention} 对应的内容为空',
+        }, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
+
     # 1080P 仅 Seedance 2.0 支持，Fast 不支持
     if resolution == '1080p' and model == 'seedance_2.0_fast':
         return Response({
@@ -238,7 +263,6 @@ def video_generate_view(request):
 
     # ── 预估 token 和费用 ──
     config = QuotaConfig.objects.get_or_create(pk=1)[0]
-    references = request.data.get('references', [])
     w, h = get_resolution(aspect_ratio, resolution)
     has_video_ref = _has_video_reference(references)
     input_video_dur = _sum_video_duration(references) if has_video_ref else 0
@@ -335,9 +359,12 @@ def video_generate_view(request):
             }, status=status.HTTP_429_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS)
 
         # 构建参考素材
-        references = request.data.get('references', [])
-        # 火山限制最多 9 张参考图片
-        image_count = sum(1 for r in references if r.get('type', 'image') == 'image')
+        # 直接上传的参考图片最多 9 张；素材库 asset:// 引用不计入该上传槽位限制。
+        image_count = sum(
+            1 for r in references
+            if r.get('type', 'image') == 'image'
+            and not str(r.get('url', '')).startswith('asset://')
+        )
         if image_count > 9:
             return Response({
                 'error': 'too_many_references',
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_ark_prompt_format.py b/backend/tests/test_ark_prompt_format.py
index 6922cfe..6e5b536 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test_ark_prompt_format.py
+++ b/backend/tests/test_ark_prompt_format.py
@@ -146,6 +146,16 @@ class TestVideoGenerateArkPrompt(TestCase):
             'references': references,
         }, format='json')
 
+    @mock.patch('apps.generation.views.create_task')
+    def test_reject_material_mention_without_references(self, mock_create_task):
+        """事故回归：prompt 含 @图片 但 references 为空时，不能创建 refs=0 脏任务。"""
+        resp = self._post_generate('@图片1 走过来', [])
+        self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 400, resp.content)
+        self.assertEqual(resp.json().get('error'), 'missing_references')
+        self.assertEqual(resp.json().get('message'), '@图片1 对应的内容为空')
+        self.assertFalse(mock_create_task.called)
+        self.assertFalse(GenerationRecord.objects.filter(user=self.user).exists())
+
     @mock.patch('apps.generation.tasks.poll_video_task')
     @mock.patch('apps.generation.views.create_task')
     def test_view_converts_prompt_for_local_assets(self, mock_create_task, mock_poll):
diff --git a/web/src/components/PromptInput.tsx b/web/src/components/PromptInput.tsx
index 1fa225a..7666071 100644
--- a/web/src/components/PromptInput.tsx
+++ b/web/src/components/PromptInput.tsx
@@ -416,14 +416,15 @@ export function PromptInput() {
   }, [extractText]);
 
   const insertAssetMention = useCallback((asset: AssetSearchResult) => {
-    // Instant check: count limit
+    // Instant check: count limit. Image assets from the library do not consume
+    // the 9 direct-upload image slots.
     const stats = editorRef.current ? parseAssetMentionsFromDOM(editorRef.current) : { counts: { image: 0, video: 0, audio: 0 }, durations: { video: 0, audio: 0 } };
     const refs = useInputBarStore.getState().references;
     const refCounts = { image: 0, video: 0, audio: 0 };
     refs.forEach((r) => refCounts[r.type]++);
     const typeKey = asset.asset_type === 'Video' ? 'video' : asset.asset_type === 'Audio' ? 'audio' : 'image';
-    const maxMap = { image: 9, video: 3, audio: 3 };
-    if (refCounts[typeKey] + stats.counts[typeKey] >= maxMap[typeKey]) {
+    const maxMap = { video: 3, audio: 3 };
+    if (typeKey !== 'image' && refCounts[typeKey] + stats.counts[typeKey] >= maxMap[typeKey]) {
       const typeLabel = asset.asset_type === 'Video' ? '视频' : asset.asset_type === 'Audio' ? '音频' : '图片';
       showToast(`${typeLabel}已达上限`);
       return;
@@ -715,12 +716,16 @@ export function PromptInput() {
                   }}
                 >
                   <div className={styles.mentionThumb}>
-                    {ref.type === 'video' ? (
+                    {ref.uploading ? (
+                      <span style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>...</span>
+                    ) : ref.type === 'video' && ref.previewUrl ? (
                       <video src={rewriteTosUrl(ref.previewUrl)} muted className={styles.thumbMedia} />
                     ) : ref.type === 'audio' ? (
                       <span style={{ fontSize: 16 }}>{'\u266B'}</span>
-                    ) : (
+                    ) : ref.previewUrl ? (
                       <img src={tosThumb(ref.previewUrl, 72)} alt="" className={styles.thumbMedia} />
+                    ) : (
+                      <span style={{ fontSize: 12 }}>?</span>
                     )}
                   </div>
                   <span className={styles.mentionLabel}>{ref.label}</span>
diff --git a/web/src/components/UniversalUpload.module.css b/web/src/components/UniversalUpload.module.css
index 09a1ba0..c3d69cc 100644
--- a/web/src/components/UniversalUpload.module.css
+++ b/web/src/components/UniversalUpload.module.css
@@ -282,6 +282,16 @@
   color: var(--color-text-secondary);
 }
 
+.uploadPlaceholder {
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 100%;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  background: var(--color-overlay-soft);
+  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
+}
+
 /* Upload status overlay */
 .uploadOverlay {
   position: absolute;
diff --git a/web/src/components/UniversalUpload.tsx b/web/src/components/UniversalUpload.tsx
index 5e23475..6939657 100644
--- a/web/src/components/UniversalUpload.tsx
+++ b/web/src/components/UniversalUpload.tsx
@@ -142,28 +142,29 @@ export function UniversalUpload() {
                 }}
               >
                 <div className={styles.thumbInner}>
-                  {ref.type === 'video' ? (
+                  {ref.uploading ? (
+                    <div className={styles.uploadPlaceholder}>
+                      <Spinner />
+                    </div>
+                  ) : ref.uploadError ? (
+                    <div
+                      className={`${styles.uploadPlaceholder} ${styles.uploadError}`}
+                      onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); retryUpload(ref.id); }}
+                      title="点击重试"
+                    >
+                      <ErrorIcon />
+                    </div>
+                  ) : ref.type === 'video' && ref.previewUrl ? (
                     <video src={rewriteTosUrl(ref.previewUrl)} className={styles.thumbMedia} muted />
                   ) : ref.type === 'audio' ? (
                     <div className={styles.audioPlaceholder}>
                       <AudioIcon />
                     </div>
-                  ) : (
+                  ) : ref.previewUrl ? (
                     <img src={tosThumb(ref.previewUrl, 200)} alt={ref.label} className={styles.thumbMedia} style={{ cursor: 'zoom-in' }} onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); setLightboxSrc(ref.previewUrl); }} />
-                  )}
-                  {/* Upload status overlay */}
-                  {ref.uploading && (
-                    <div className={styles.uploadOverlay}>
-                      <Spinner />
-                    </div>
-                  )}
-                  {ref.uploadError && (
-                    <div
-                      className={`${styles.uploadOverlay} ${styles.uploadError}`}
-                      onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); retryUpload(ref.id); }}
-                      title="点击重试"
-                    >
-                      <ErrorIcon />
+                  ) : (
+                    <div className={styles.audioPlaceholder}>
+                      <AudioIcon />
                     </div>
                   )}
                   <div
diff --git a/web/src/store/generation.ts b/web/src/store/generation.ts
index 5a62325..115d15e 100644
--- a/web/src/store/generation.ts
+++ b/web/src/store/generation.ts
@@ -54,6 +54,68 @@ function mapProgress(backendStatus: string): number {
   return 50;
 }
 
+const ORPHAN_MATERIAL_MENTION_RE = /@(?:图片|视频|音频|素材)[^\s，。！？、；：,.!?;:)）]*/;
+const RESOURCE_UPLOAD_FAILED_MESSAGE = '资源上传失败，请删除后重新上传';
+
+function findOrphanMaterialMention(input: ReturnType<typeof useInputBarStore.getState>): string | null {
+  if (input.mode !== 'universal') return null;
+  const hasDirectRefs = input.references.length > 0;
+  const hasAssetMentions = (input.assetMentions || []).length > 0;
+  if (hasDirectRefs || hasAssetMentions) return null;
+  return input.prompt.match(ORPHAN_MATERIAL_MENTION_RE)?.[0] || null;
+}
+
+function isBlobUrl(url?: string): boolean {
+  return !!url && url.startsWith('blob:');
+}
+
+function isOnlineUrl(url?: string): boolean {
+  return !!url && /^https?:\/\//i.test(url);
+}
+
+function isSubmittedMaterialUrl(url?: string): boolean {
+  return isOnlineUrl(url) || !!url?.startsWith('asset://');
+}
+
+function hasBlobResourceInEditorHtml(editorHtml?: string): boolean {
+  return !!editorHtml && editorHtml.includes('blob:');
+}
+
+function hasBlobResourceInAssetMentions(assetMentions?: Record<string, unknown>[]): boolean {
+  return !!assetMentions?.some((mention) =>
+    isBlobUrl(typeof mention.thumbUrl === 'string' ? mention.thumbUrl : undefined)
+  );
+}
+
+function hasBlobResourceBeforeSubmit(input: ReturnType<typeof useInputBarStore.getState>): boolean {
+  if (input.mode !== 'universal') return false;
+  if (hasBlobResourceInEditorHtml(input.editorHtml)) return true;
+  if (hasBlobResourceInAssetMentions(input.assetMentions)) return true;
+  return input.references.some((ref) =>
+    isBlobUrl(ref.previewUrl) || isBlobUrl(ref.tosUrl)
+  );
+}
+
+function hasUnuploadedDirectReference(input: ReturnType<typeof useInputBarStore.getState>): boolean {
+  if (input.mode !== 'universal') return false;
+  return input.references.some((ref) => !isOnlineUrl(ref.tosUrl));
+}
+
+function hasBlobResourceInUploadedRefs(
+  refs: { url: string; thumb_url?: string }[],
+): boolean {
+  return refs.some((ref) => isBlobUrl(ref.url) || isBlobUrl(ref.thumb_url));
+}
+
+function hasInvalidSubmittedMaterialUrl(
+  refs: { url: string; thumb_url?: string }[],
+): boolean {
+  return refs.some((ref) =>
+    !isSubmittedMaterialUrl(ref.url) ||
+    (!!ref.thumb_url && !isOnlineUrl(ref.thumb_url))
+  );
+}
+
 /** Check if a URL is an asset library reference (case-insensitive protocol). */
 function isAssetUrl(url: string): boolean {
   return url.startsWith('asset://') || url.startsWith('Asset://');
@@ -314,7 +376,16 @@ export const useGenerationStore = create<GenerationState>((set, get) => ({
 
   addTask: async () => {
     const input = useInputBarStore.getState();
+    const orphanMention = findOrphanMaterialMention(input);
+    if (orphanMention) {
+      showToast(`${orphanMention} 对应的内容为空`);
+      return null;
+    }
     if (!input.canSubmit()) return null;
+    if (hasBlobResourceBeforeSubmit(input) || hasUnuploadedDirectReference(input)) {
+      showToast(RESOURCE_UPLOAD_FAILED_MESSAGE);
+      return null;
+    }
 
     // Collect files to upload (or existing TOS URLs for regeneration)
     const filesToUpload: { file?: File; tosUrl?: string; type: 'image' | 'video' | 'audio'; role: string; label: string }[] = [];
@@ -516,6 +587,16 @@ export const useGenerationStore = create<GenerationState>((set, get) => ({
         }
       }
 
+      if (hasBlobResourceInUploadedRefs(uploadedRefs) || hasInvalidSubmittedMaterialUrl(uploadedRefs)) {
+        showToast(RESOURCE_UPLOAD_FAILED_MESSAGE);
+        set((s) => ({
+          tasks: s.tasks.map((t) =>
+            t.id === tempId ? { ...t, status: 'failed' as const, progress: 0, errorMessage: RESOURCE_UPLOAD_FAILED_MESSAGE } : t
+          ),
+        }));
+        return null;
+      }
+
       // Call generate API
       const { data: genResult } = await videoApi.generate({
         prompt: input.prompt,
diff --git a/web/src/store/inputBar.ts b/web/src/store/inputBar.ts
index 9dcfd23..796012c 100644
--- a/web/src/store/inputBar.ts
+++ b/web/src/store/inputBar.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { create } from 'zustand';
 import type { CreationMode, ModelOption, AspectRatio, Duration, Resolution, GenerationType, UploadedFile } from '../types';
 import { showToast } from '../components/Toast';
-import { mediaApi } from '../lib/api';
+import { mediaApi, tosThumb } from '../lib/api';
 import { parseAssetMentions } from '../lib/assetMentions';
 
 let fileCounter = 0;
@@ -65,6 +65,70 @@ const MAX_IMAGES = 9;
 const MAX_VIDEOS = 3;
 const MAX_AUDIO = 3;
 
+function isBlobUrl(url?: string): boolean {
+  return !!url && url.startsWith('blob:');
+}
+
+function revokePreviewUrl(url?: string) {
+  if (url && isBlobUrl(url)) URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
+}
+
+function syncEditorReferencePreview(editorHtml: string, refId: string, previewUrl: string): string {
+  if (!editorHtml) return editorHtml;
+  const doc = new DOMParser().parseFromString(`<div>${editorHtml}</div>`, 'text/html');
+  const container = doc.body.firstElementChild as HTMLElement | null;
+  if (!container) return editorHtml;
+
+  let changed = false;
+  container.querySelectorAll('[data-ref-id]').forEach((span) => {
+    const el = span as HTMLElement;
+    if (el.dataset.refId !== refId || el.dataset.refType === 'asset') return;
+    el.dataset.thumbUrl = previewUrl;
+    if (el.dataset.refType !== 'audio') {
+      let img = el.querySelector('img') as HTMLImageElement | null;
+      if (!img) {
+        const newImg = document.createElement('img');
+        newImg.className = 'mentionImg';
+        newImg.setAttribute('width', '16');
+        newImg.setAttribute('height', '16');
+        newImg.style.cssText = 'width:16px;height:16px;border-radius:3px;object-fit:cover;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:3px;display:inline-block;pointer-events:none';
+        newImg.onerror = () => { newImg.style.display = 'none'; };
+        el.insertBefore(newImg, el.firstChild);
+        img = newImg;
+      }
+      img.src = tosThumb(previewUrl, 32);
+    }
+    changed = true;
+  });
+
+  return changed ? container.innerHTML : editorHtml;
+}
+
+function markReferenceUploadSuccess(
+  refs: UploadedFile[],
+  refId: string,
+  uploadedUrl: string,
+  blobUrlsToRevoke: Set<string>,
+): UploadedFile[] {
+  return refs.map((ref) => {
+    if (ref.id !== refId) return ref;
+    if (isBlobUrl(ref.previewUrl)) blobUrlsToRevoke.add(ref.previewUrl);
+    return {
+      ...ref,
+      tosUrl: uploadedUrl,
+      previewUrl: uploadedUrl,
+      uploading: false,
+      uploadError: false,
+    };
+  });
+}
+
+function markReferenceUploadError(refs: UploadedFile[], refId: string): UploadedFile[] {
+  return refs.map((ref) =>
+    ref.id === refId ? { ...ref, uploading: false, uploadError: true } : ref
+  );
+}
+
 interface InputBarState {
   // Generation type
   generationType: GenerationType;
@@ -197,13 +261,10 @@ export const useInputBarStore = create<InputBarState>((set, get) => ({
   prevReferences: [],
   addReferences: (files) => {
     const state = get();
-    // Count existing references by type + merge @ asset mentions
+    // Count direct uploaded references by type. Asset library mentions do not
+    // consume direct upload slots.
     const counts = { image: 0, video: 0, audio: 0 };
     for (const ref of state.references) counts[ref.type]++;
-    const { counts: assetCounts } = parseAssetMentions(state.editorHtml);
-    counts.image += assetCounts.image;
-    counts.video += assetCounts.video;
-    counts.audio += assetCounts.audio;
 
     // Separate images (sync) from audio/video (need async duration check)
     const imageFiles: File[] = [];
@@ -245,7 +306,7 @@ export const useInputBarStore = create<InputBarState>((set, get) => ({
     const state = get();
     const removedRef = state.references.find((r) => r.id === id);
     if (!removedRef) return;
-    if (removedRef.previewUrl) URL.revokeObjectURL(removedRef.previewUrl);
+    revokePreviewUrl(removedRef.previewUrl);
 
     // 删除后同类型的剩余引用按顺序重新编号（即梦逻辑：保持 1/2/3 连续）
     const remaining = state.references.filter((r) => r.id !== id);
@@ -283,7 +344,7 @@ export const useInputBarStore = create<InputBarState>((set, get) => ({
   },
   clearReferences: () => {
     const state = get();
-    state.references.forEach((r) => URL.revokeObjectURL(r.previewUrl));
+    state.references.forEach((r) => revokePreviewUrl(r.previewUrl));
     set({ references: [] });
   },
   retryUpload: (refId) => {
@@ -301,7 +362,7 @@ export const useInputBarStore = create<InputBarState>((set, get) => ({
   lastFrame: null,
   setFirstFrame: (file) => {
     const state = get();
-    if (state.firstFrame) URL.revokeObjectURL(state.firstFrame.previewUrl);
+    if (state.firstFrame) revokePreviewUrl(state.firstFrame.previewUrl);
     if (file) {
       fileCounter++;
       set({
@@ -319,7 +380,7 @@ export const useInputBarStore = create<InputBarState>((set, get) => ({
   },
   setLastFrame: (file) => {
     const state = get();
-    if (state.lastFrame) URL.revokeObjectURL(state.lastFrame.previewUrl);
+    if (state.lastFrame) revokePreviewUrl(state.lastFrame.previewUrl);
     if (file) {
       fileCounter++;
       set({
@@ -391,8 +452,8 @@ export const useInputBarStore = create<InputBarState>((set, get) => ({
       });
     } else {
       // Clear keyframe
-      if (state.firstFrame) URL.revokeObjectURL(state.firstFrame.previewUrl);
-      if (state.lastFrame) URL.revokeObjectURL(state.lastFrame.previewUrl);
+      if (state.firstFrame) revokePreviewUrl(state.firstFrame.previewUrl);
+      if (state.lastFrame) revokePreviewUrl(state.lastFrame.previewUrl);
       set({
         mode,
         assetMentions: [],
@@ -412,10 +473,10 @@ export const useInputBarStore = create<InputBarState>((set, get) => ({
 
   reset: () => {
     const state = get();
-    state.references.forEach((r) => URL.revokeObjectURL(r.previewUrl));
-    state.prevReferences.forEach((r) => URL.revokeObjectURL(r.previewUrl));
-    if (state.firstFrame) URL.revokeObjectURL(state.firstFrame.previewUrl);
-    if (state.lastFrame) URL.revokeObjectURL(state.lastFrame.previewUrl);
+    state.references.forEach((r) => revokePreviewUrl(r.previewUrl));
+    state.prevReferences.forEach((r) => revokePreviewUrl(r.previewUrl));
+    if (state.firstFrame) revokePreviewUrl(state.firstFrame.previewUrl);
+    if (state.lastFrame) revokePreviewUrl(state.lastFrame.previewUrl);
     set({
       mode: 'universal',
       model: 'seedance_2.0',
@@ -441,16 +502,17 @@ export const useInputBarStore = create<InputBarState>((set, get) => ({
 /** Upload a single reference file to TOS and update the store. */
 function _uploadRef(refId: string, file: File) {
   mediaApi.upload(file).then(({ data }) => {
+    const blobUrlsToRevoke = new Set<string>();
     useInputBarStore.setState((s) => ({
-      references: s.references.map((r) =>
-        r.id === refId ? { ...r, tosUrl: data.url, uploading: false, uploadError: false } : r
-      ),
+      references: markReferenceUploadSuccess(s.references, refId, data.url, blobUrlsToRevoke),
+      prevReferences: markReferenceUploadSuccess(s.prevReferences, refId, data.url, blobUrlsToRevoke),
+      editorHtml: syncEditorReferencePreview(s.editorHtml, refId, data.url),
     }));
+    blobUrlsToRevoke.forEach((url) => URL.revokeObjectURL(url));
   }).catch(() => {
     useInputBarStore.setState((s) => ({
-      references: s.references.map((r) =>
-        r.id === refId ? { ...r, uploading: false, uploadError: true } : r
-      ),
+      references: markReferenceUploadError(s.references, refId),
+      prevReferences: markReferenceUploadError(s.prevReferences, refId),
     }));
   });
 }
@@ -494,14 +556,13 @@ async function _validateAndAddImages(files: File[]) {
 
     // Passed — add to store + upload
     fileCounter++;
-    const existingSameType = state.references.filter(r => r.type === 'image').length
-      + (state.assetMentions || []).filter((m: Record<string, string>) => m.type === 'image').length;
+    const existingSameType = state.references.filter(r => r.type === 'image').length;
     const refId = `ref_${fileCounter}`;
     const newRef: UploadedFile = {
       id: refId,
       file,
       type: 'image',
-      previewUrl: URL.createObjectURL(file),
+      previewUrl: '',
       label: `图片${existingSameType + 1}`,
       uploading: true,
     };
@@ -594,14 +655,13 @@ async function _validateAndAddMedia(files: File[]) {
     // Passed all checks — add to store
     fileCounter++;
     const labelPrefix = type === 'video' ? '视频' : '音频';
-    const existingSameType = state.references.filter(r => r.type === type).length
-      + (state.assetMentions || []).filter((m: Record<string, string>) => m.type === type).length;
+    const existingSameType = state.references.filter(r => r.type === type).length;
     const refId = `ref_${fileCounter}`;
     const newRef: UploadedFile = {
       id: refId,
       file,
       type,
-      previewUrl: type === 'audio' ? '' : URL.createObjectURL(file),
+      previewUrl: '',
       label: `${labelPrefix}${existingSameType + 1}`,
       uploading: true,
       duration: Math.round(dur * 10) / 10,